Hubris- Antigone Essays

Hubris- Antigone Essays Hubris- Antigone Paper Hubris- Antigone Paper Essay Topic: Antigone Burial Rites In order to demonstrate pride, one must display self- respect and dignity towards themselves or to the cause he or she feels strongly towards. To take pride in something means to have diligence and persistence in the task he or she believes in. Although those who seek to live their lives with this sense of pride believe that they are living an honest and just life, others may assume that he or she may be displaying overconfidence and arrogance by living their life with excessive amounts of hubris. Expressing confidence and a sense of pride or hubris throughout one’s life can often be seen as being a flaw and may come across as being haughty and stubborn, especially if their pride is excessive. Displaying pride isn’t necessarily a bad attribute, but I can lead others to believe the one displaying hubris is almost asking for attention, whether it be negative or positive attention. This notion of constantly trying to demonstrate excessive pride is consistently demonstrated in the play Antigone written by Sophocles. Throughout the play, the character Antigone constantly challenges the audience with her overconfident actions that may cause them to wonder if her actions are only to gain attention and seem suicidal or if her excessive pride is just a tragic flaw she must demonstrate in order to resolve an even larger conflict. Her actions may seem extreme and even suicidal, but in the end they are that of a tragic hero and all go towards an even greater cause for the sake of her family. For a character to be a tragic hero, he or she must meet the expectations of s certain criteria that is seen throughout many Greek tragedies. A tragic hero must be of noble stature. The character must occupy a high status within the play but must also embody nobility as a part of their innate character. They can’t be seen as perfect because the audience must be able to identify with them. A tragic hero cannot be too good or too bad. A very huge aspect in being a tragic hero is that he or she must have a tragic flaw or downfall that is acted upon due to free choice due to a personality flaw or hamartia he or she possesses. Hamartia leads to the fall of someone of noble status caused by some excess or mistake in behavior. This decision usually leads to the hero’s demise. They are punished for their actions and their punishment usually exceeds their crime. Their fall does not go un- noticed. It usually causes awareness and a gain in self- knowledge and discovery among other characters within the play. All of these aspects can be seen throughout the play Antigone and are demonstrated by the character Antigone herself. Instead of being seen as making rash decisions that may seem suicidal to others, her actions all fall within the criteria of being tragically flawed. She is a tragic hero and has to act on how she feels. The play, Antigone, is centered on previous characters form other plays written by Sophocles, such as Oedipus the King and Oedipus at Colonus. Immediately, Sophocles makes it know to the audience who the tragic hero is within the play due to a difficult challenge or hurdle he or she has got to face. Antigone takes place in the city and countryside of Thebes. After a civil war both of Antigone’s brothers, Polyneices and Etocles are killed by each other while at war. Creon, the new ruler of Thebes and uncle to both, has declared that Eteocles will be honored and Polyneices disgraced. The rebel brothers body will not be sanctified by holy rites, and will lay unburied, which goes against what the gods expect after someone dies. He also forbids others to try and attempt a burial for Polyneices. Creon’s decree sparks defiance within Antigone, who is of high social position within the play. After being informed on what will happened to Polyneices body by her sister Ismene, Antigone immediately expresses her feelings to rebel against Creon’s law. Due to her excessive pride, which may seem stubborn and extreme, she knows she must act against Creon’s wishes and knows that challenging Creon could result in death. Her sister, Ismene, takes a completely opposing stance within the play. She warns Antigone that she could be terribly punished by saying, â€Å"we are both women† and they should â€Å"not battle against men†. Ismene is warning that not only is she much weaker physically and influentially than a man, but for a woman to challenge a man is looked down upon and should be avoided. Antigone knows that not burying her brother, â€Å"will keep her from dying nobly†, which justifies her actions against Creon. Although she knows full well the consequences of burying her brother, Antigone knows she must act because it’s the right thing to do. Her reasons are noble and righteous in the eyes of the gods. She knows that she will pay with her life but still chooses to risk it for the proper burial of her brother. Her hubris and pride demonstrate that following her beliefs in the gods is more important n Creon’s decree. Creon soon learns of Antigone’s actions and actually gives her a chance to lie about them, but due to her hubris and tragic flaw, Antigone reveals her actions and willingly accepts her punishment. She does not think that Creon is in any position to surpass the gods. She does not believe, â€Å"Creon, a mortal, could overstep gods’ written and unshakable traditions. † Creon is outraged by her defiance and now considers her to be a slave and sentencing her to death by saying, â€Å"she is not allowed to think big. † He then sentences her to be imprisoned in cave where she will await death. Antigone acts brash for a final time by ending her own life, instead of waiting for her to the by someone else. She is found hanging in the cave. Even though she committed suicide, Antigone’s actions were not suicidal. Throughout the entire play, Antigone acted because she felt strongly towards something. It was evident from the very beginning that she would face death if she acted but knew that is she didn’t act she would be acting unjustly towards her brother. Her stubbornness and independence not only led to her demise but also as to how she would die. Antigone was aware and in control of her future even at the time of her imprisonment. She knew she would die but decided to die on her own terms and in the way she say fit. Her pride and hubris have led to her downfall. She was torn between loyalties, but knew ultimately that her loyalty lay with the gods and with her brother. Like most tragic heroes, Antigone’s actions and death brought about a change in awareness and self- knowledge among another character. Creon was if not the same then more arrogant and prideful than Antigone. He believed that his decree could overstep the gods due to his status and because he held such a grudge against Polyneices. Creon is warned that â€Å"stubborn self-will incurs a charge of stupidity† and that he should reconsider his options, but Creon demonstrates the same stubborn, prideful tendencies as Antigone and refuses to listen to anyone else. After sentencing Antigone to death, Creon learns from a prophet that if he didn’t change his decisions or behavior, he too would die, but even then, it was too late. After trying to release Antigone, Creon soon discovers that she and his son, Haemon who was to marry Antigone, have both taken their lives. Due to Antigone’s actions and defiance, Creon has transformed from a proud ruler of Thebes to a defeated, grief-stricken mortal. Antigone’s story teaches the audience that maintaining balance and a calm manner in our actions I key, no matter the situations. Her decisions her bold and brash, but in no way make her suicidal. He felt strongly towards something and knew that she must act against it, even if that meant facing death. Her flawed pride and ego may have led to her demise, but in the process she was able to defend her loyalty towards her brother by honoring him and honoring the position of the gods. Antigone is portrayed more as a martyr than as being suicidal. Even though she is given an opportunity to lie about her actions, Antigone knows that it wouldn’t be the right thing to do and dies for a just cause.

U.S. Citizenship Test Questions

U.S. Citizenship Test Questions On Oct. 1, 2008, the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) replaced the set of questions formerly used as part of the citizenship test with the questions listed here. All applicants who filed for naturalization on or after October 1, 2008, are required to take the new test. In the citizenship test, the applicant for citizenship is asked up to 10 of the 100 questions. The interviewer reads the questions in English and the applicant must answer in English. In order to pass, at least 6 of the 10 questions must be answered correctly. New Test Questions and Answers Some questions have more than one correct answer. In those cases, all acceptable answers are shown. All answers are shown exactly as worded by the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. * If you are 65 years old or older and have been a legal permanent resident of the United States for 20 or more years, you may study just the questions that have been marked with an asterisk. AMERICAN GOVERNMENT A. Principles of American Democracy 1. What is the supreme law of the land? A: The Constitution 2. What does the Constitution do? A: sets up the governmentA: defines the governmentA: protects basic rights of Americans 3. The idea of self-government is in the first three words of the Constitution. What are these words? A: We the People 4. What is an amendment? A: a change (to the Constitution)A: an addition (to the Constitution) 5. What do we call the first ten amendments to the Constitution? A: The Bill of Rights 6. What is one right or freedom from the First Amendment?* A: speechA: religionA: assemblyA: pressA: petition the government 7. How many amendments does the Constitution have? A: twenty-seven (27) 8. What did the  Declaration of Independence  do? A: announced our independence (from Great Britain)A: declared our independence (from Great Britain)A: said that the United States is free (from Great Britain) 9. What are two rights in the Declaration of Independence? A: lifeA: libertyA: pursuit of happiness 10. What is freedom of religion? A: You can practice any religion, or not practice a religion. 11. What is the economic system in the United States?* A: capitalist economyA: market economy 12. What is the rule of law? A: Everyone must follow the law.A: Leaders must obey the law.A: Government must obey the law.A: No one is above the law. B. System of Government 13. Name one branch or part of the government.* A: CongressA: legislativeA: PresidentA: executiveA: the courtsA: judicial 14. What stops one branch of government from becoming too powerful? A: checks and balancesA: separation of powers 15. Who is in charge of the executive branch? A: the President 16. Who makes federal laws? A: CongressA: Senate and House (of Representatives)A: (U.S. or national) legislature 17. What are the two parts of the U.S. Congress?* A: the Senate and House (of Representatives) 18. How many U.S. Senators are there? A: one hundred (100) 19. We elect a U.S. Senator for how many years? A: six (6) 20. Who is one of your states U.S. Senators? A: Answers will vary. [For District of Columbia residents and residents of U.S. territories, the answer is that D.C. (or the territory where the applicant lives) has no U.S. Senators.] * If you are 65 years old or older and have been a legal permanent resident of the United States for 20 or more years, you may study just the questions that have been marked with an asterisk. 21. The House of Representatives has how many voting members? A: four hundred thirty-five (435) 22. We elect a U.S. Representative for how many years? A: two (2) 23. Name your U.S. Representative. A: Answers will vary. [Residents of territories with nonvoting Delegates or resident Commissioners may provide the name of that Delegate or Commissioner. Also acceptable is any statement that the territory has no (voting) Representatives in Congress.] 24. Who does a U.S. Senator represent? A: all people of the state 25. Why do some states have more Representatives than other states? A: (because of) the states populationA: (because) they have more peopleA: (because) some states have more people 26. We elect a President for how many years? A: four (4) 27. In what month do we vote for President?* A: November 28. What is the name of the President of the United States now?* A: Donald J. TrumpA: Donald TrumpA: Trump 29. What is the name of the Vice President of the United States now? A: Michael Richard PenceA: Mike PenceA: Pence 30. If the President can no longer serve, who becomes President? A: the Vice President 31. If both the President and the Vice President can no longer serve, who becomes President? A: the Speaker of the House 32. Who is the Commander in Chief of the military? A: the President 33. Who signs bills to become laws? A: the President 34. Who vetoes bills? A: the President 35. What does the Presidents Cabinet do? A: advises the President 36. What are two Cabinet-level positions? A: Secretary of AgricultureA: Secretary of CommerceA: Secretary of DefenseA: Secretary of EducationA: Secretary of EnergyA: Secretary of Health and Human ServicesA: Secretary of Homeland SecurityA: Secretary of Housing and Urban DevelopmentA: Secretary of InteriorA: Secretary of StateA: Secretary of TransportationA: Secretary of TreasuryA: Secretary of Veterans AffairsA: Secretary of LaborA: Attorney General 37. What does the judicial branch do? A: reviews lawsA: explains lawsA: resolves disputes (disagreements)A: decides if a law goes against the Constitution 38. What is the highest court in the United States? A: the Supreme Court 39. How many justices are on the Supreme Court? A: nine (9) 40. Who is the Chief Justice of the United States? A: John Roberts (John G. Roberts, Jr.) * If you are 65 years old or older and have been a legal permanent resident of the United States for 20 or more years, you may study just the questions that have been marked with an asterisk. 41. Under our Constitution, some powers belong to the federal government. What is one power of the federal government? A: to print moneyA: to declare warA: to create an armyA: to make treaties 42. Under our Constitution, some powers belong to the states. What is one power of the states? A: provide schooling and educationA: provide protection (police)A: provide safety (fire departments)A: give a drivers licenseA: approve zoning and land use 43. Who is the Governor of your state? A: Answers will vary. [Residents of the District of Columbia and U.S. territories without a Governor should say we dont have a Governor.] 44. What is the capital of your state?* A: Answers will vary. [District of Colu*mbia residents should answer that D.C. is not a state and does not have a capital. Residents of U.S. territories should name the capital of the territory.] 45. What are the two major political parties in the United States?* A: Democratic and Republican 46. What is the political party of the President now? A: Republican (Party) 47. What is the name of the Speaker of the House of Representatives now? A: Nancy Pelosi (Pelosi) C: Rights and Responsibilities 48. There are four amendments to the Constitution about who can vote. Describe one of them. A: Citizens eighteen (18) and older (can vote).A: You dont have to pay (a poll tax) to vote.A: Any citizen can vote. (Women and men can vote.)A: A male citizen of any race (can vote). 49. What is one responsibility that is only for United States citizens?* A: serve on a juryA: vote 50. What are two rights only for United States citizens? A: apply for a federal jobA: voteA: run for officeA: carry a U.S. passport 51. What are two rights of everyone living in the United States? A: freedom of expressionA: freedom of speechA: freedom of assemblyA: freedom to petition the governmentA: freedom of worshipA: the right to bear arms 52. What do we show loyalty to when we say the Pledge of Allegiance? A: the United StatesA: the flag 53. What is one promise you make when you become a United States citizen? A: give up loyalty to other countriesA: defend the Constitution and laws of the United StatesA: obey the laws of the United StatesA: serve in the U.S. military (if needed)A: serve (do important work for) the nation (if needed)A: be loyal to the United States 54. How old do citizens have to be to vote for President?* A: eighteen (18) and older 55. What are two ways that Americans can participate in their democracy? A: voteA: join a political partyA: help with a campaignA: join a civic groupA: join a community groupA: give an elected official your opinion on an issueA: call Senators and RepresentativesA: publicly support or oppose an issue or policyA: run for officeA: write to a newspaper 56. When is the last day you can send in federal income tax forms?* A: April 15 57. When must all men register for the Selective Service? A: at age eighteen (18)A: between eighteen (18) and twenty-six (26) AMERICAN HISTORY A: Colonial Period and Independence 58. What is one reason colonists came to America? A: freedomA: political libertyA: religious freedomA: economic opportunityA: practice their religionA: escape persecution 59. Who lived in America before the Europeans arrived? A: Native AmericansA: American Indians 60. What group of people was taken to America and sold as slaves? A: AfricansA: people from Africa * If you are 65 years old or older and have been a legal permanent resident of the United States for 20 or more years, you may study just the questions that have been marked with an asterisk. 61. Why did the colonists fight the British? A: because of high taxes (taxation without representation)A: because the British army stayed in their houses (boarding, quartering)A: because they didnt have self-government 62. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? A: (Thomas) Jefferson 63. When was the Declaration of Independence adopted? A: July 4, 1776 64. There were 13 original states. Name three. A: New HampshireA: MassachusettsA: Rhode IslandA: ConnecticutA: New YorkA: New JerseyA: PennsylvaniaA: DelawareA: MarylandA: VirginiaA: North CarolinaA: South CarolinaA: Georgia 65. What happened at the Constitutional Convention? A: The Constitution was written.A: The Founding Fathers wrote the Constitution. 66. When was the Constitution written? A: 1787 67. The Federalist Papers supported the passage of the U.S. Constitution. Name one of the writers. A: (James) MadisonA: (Alexander) HamiltonA: (John) JayA: Publius 68. What is one thing Benjamin Franklin is famous for? A: U.S. diplomatA: oldest member of the Constitutional ConventionA: first Postmaster General of the United StatesA: writer of Poor Richards AlmanacA: started the first free libraries 69. Who is the Father of Our Country? A: (George) Washington 70. Who was the first President?* A: (George) Washington B: 1800s 71. What territory did the United States buy from France in 1803? A: the Louisiana TerritoryA: Louisiana 72. Name one war fought by the United States in the 1800s. A: War of 1812A: Mexican-American WarA: Civil WarA: Spanish-American War 73. Name the U.S. war between the North and the South. A: the Civil WarA: the War between the States 74. Name one problem that led to the Civil War. A: slaveryA: economic reasonsA: states rights 75. What was one important thing that Abraham Lincoln did?* A: freed the slaves (Emancipation Proclamation)A: saved (or preserved) the UnionA: led the United States during the Civil War 76. What did the Emancipation Proclamation do? A: freed the slavesA: freed slaves in the ConfederacyA: freed slaves in the Confederate statesA: freed slaves in most Southern states 77. What did Susan B. Anthony do? A: fought for womens rightsA: fought for civil rights C: Recent American History and Other Important Historical Information 78. Name one war fought by the United States in the 1900s.* A: World War IA: World War IIA: Korean WarA: Vietnam WarA: (Persian) Gulf War 79. Who was President during World War I? A: (Woodrow) Wilson 80. Who was President during the Great Depression and World War II? A: (Franklin) Roosevelt * If you are 65 years old or older and have been a legal permanent resident of the United States for 20 or more years, you may study just the questions that have been marked with an asterisk. 81. Who did the United States fight in World War II? A: Japan, Germany, and Italy 82. Before he was President, Eisenhower was a general. What war was he in? A: World War II 83. During the Cold War, what was the main concern of the United States? A: Communism 84. What movement tried to end racial discrimination? A: civil rights (movement) 85. What did Martin Luther King, Jr. do?* A: fought for civil rightsA: worked for equality for all Americans 86. What major event happened on September 11, 2001, in the United States? A: Terrorists attacked the United States. 87. Name one American Indian tribe in the United States. [Adjudicators will be supplied with a complete list.] A: CherokeeA: NavajoA: SiouxA: ChippewaA: ChoctawA: PuebloA: ApacheA: IroquoisA: CreekA: BlackfeetA: SeminoleA: CheyenneA: ArawakA: ShawneeA: MoheganA: HuronA: OneidaA: LakotaA: CrowA: TetonA: HopiA: Inuit INTEGRATED CIVICS A: Geography 88. Name one of the two longest rivers in the United States. A: Missouri (River)A: Mississippi (River) 89. What ocean is on the West Coast of the United States? A: Pacific (Ocean) 90. What ocean is on the East Coast of the United States? A: Atlantic (Ocean) 91. Name one U.S. territory. A: Puerto RicoA: U.S. Virgin IslandsA: American SamoaA: Northern Mariana IslandsA: Guam 92. Name one state that borders Canada. A: MaineA: New HampshireA: VermontA: New YorkA: PennsylvaniaA: OhioA: MichiganA: MinnesotaA: North DakotaA: MontanaA: IdahoA: WashingtonA: Alaska 93. Name one state that borders Mexico. A: CaliforniaA: ArizonaA: New MexicoA: Texas 94. What is the capital of the United States?* A: Washington, D.C. 95. Where is the Statue of Liberty?* A: New York (Harbor)A: Liberty Island[Also acceptable are New Jersey, near New York City, and on the Hudson (River).] B. Symbols 96. Why does the flag have 13 stripes? A: because there were 13 original coloniesA: because the stripes represent the original colonies 97. Why does the flag have 50 stars?* A: because there is one star for each stateA: because each star represents a stateA: because there are 50 states 98. What is the name of the national anthem? A: The Star-Spangled Banner C: Holidays 99. When do we celebrate Independence Day?* A: July 4 100. Name two national U.S. holidays. A: New Years DayA: Martin Luther King, Jr., DayA: Presidents DayA: Memorial DayA: Independence DayA: Labor DayA: Columbus DayA: Veterans DayA: ThanksgivingA: Christmas NOTE: The questions above will be asked of applicants who file for naturalization on or after October 1, 2008. Until then, the Current Set of Citizenship Questions and Answers remains in effect. For those applicants who file prior to October 1, 2008, but are not interviewed until after October 2008 (but before October 1, 2009), there will be an option of taking the new test or the current one.

Role and Functions of Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Role and Functions of Law - Essay Example According to Reference.com (2007), law is defined as: â€Å"rules of conduct of any organized society, however simple or small, that are enforced by threat of punishment if they are violated. Modern law has a wide sweep and regulates many branches of conduct.† Law is the set of rules that help government in governing the conduct, social behavior, handle disputes, conflicts and deal with crime. Based on its role, law is classified into various categories like: criminal, civil, labor law. These play a major role in the society and its institutions. Criminal law has the powers to prosecute a criminal for an action that is deemed or defined as crime according to the letter of law. It has nothing to do with ethics or moral. It is not personal neither religious. It is objective and lays common law for all citizens of a country. Legislatures frame law by passing acts, bills and statutes. There are laws that govern the social and constitutional rights of each individual. They ensure safety and security of the citizens. Under civil law a citizen can file a suit for a compensation, etc. There are also guidelines in the form of procedural law that guides the jurisdictions of various courts. They detail on the trial methods and judgments. Different branches of law specialize in unique institutional and behavioral aspects of the society. It is the constitution of any country that delegates powers to various heads and sectors within the government. For instance, the US constitution Article II gives the president the executive power and it also states the powers of the US Supreme court and other Federal courts (Mallor and Barnes, pg. 54). This decides the powers of jurisdiction of various courts like appellate courts, state courts and trails courts, etc. It also says the extent to which state legislatures can exert their powers. In discussing the role that lawyers play in our society, Norman Redlich, Dean at New York

Does Marx's Account of Alienation Condemn Free Market Economies Essay

Does Marx's Account of Alienation Condemn Free Market Economies - Essay Example Being a great torch-bearer of justice and egalitarianism, he looks for identical distribution of wealth, resources and opportunities for the individuals belonging to divergent ethno-racial groups, communities and socioeconomic statuses of social establishment. Consequently, he appears to be determined to launch a crusade against the existing injustices for the individual and collective wellbeing of humanity without any discrimination on the foundations of caste, class, community, region, religion and gender. It is therefore his entire work revolves round the condemnation of capitalistic (or free market) economic system, which maintains unabated perils of exploitation of the proletariat or haves-not at the hands of bourgeoisie or haves in its horrible fold. Marx’s famous theory of alienation is viewed to be the profound critique of free market economy, which would not allow the workers any share in the surplus value of the organisation in which they are rendering their services . Since free market economy, Moseley observes, does not admit the very reality that surplus-value is produced by the surplus labour of workers, thus workers become prey to exploitation in capitalism (2001: 2). In addition, Marxism vehemently criticises such a political scheme that looks for projecting and promoting the exploitative economic system (i.e. capitalism) through the statutes of law had been in vogue in major part of his contemporary industrial states of Europe. Marx believes, Zimmerman observes, that laws are the product of class oppression, which would have to get eliminated or revised as long as communism replaces the free market system ultimately (2009: 96). One of the most imperative reasons behind Marxism’s repudiation to give way to free market economy includes its being beneficial for only the rich stratum of society. Capitalistic economic system is exclusively advantageous for the producers, mill owners and elite stratum; for it bestows worthwhile privilege s upon the elite by letting them take the lion’s share in the profit of an industrial unit on the basis of the investment they have made. The free market, Sayers notes, operates as an alien system with a life of its own. It is an uncontrollable and inherently unstable mechanism. It leads to periodic crises in which huge numbers of people are thrown out of work and useful means of production are wantonly destroyed (2008:1-2). On the other hand, the workers obtain very little amount of money as remuneration against their hard toil they make from dawn to dusk in the industrial units. In other words, free market economy deprives the workers of their right and share in the surplus profit the organisation has earned. Since the workers are not in a position to obtain anything sufficient to keep the wolf from the door, it results into the decline of their interest in work and work place as well. As a result, the gulf between the rich and the poor starts expanding, which touches the d angerous end subsequently. The clash of interests between the producers and workers turns out to be challenging for the very peace and harmony of society in general. As a result, conflict arises between different strata of society, during the course of which the workers are in a position to snatch their right from the possession of the upper stratum by establishing socialistic political and economic system in society. The division between classes, Rummel observes, starts widening, and the condition of the exploited worker deteriorates so adversely that entire social structure collapses.

Application Of Industrialised Building System Construction Essay

Application Of Industrialised Building System Construction Essay This is because under the Seventh Malaysia Plan (1996-2000) the Government of Malaysia for the first time to introduced the Low Medium Cost Housing category (the previously it was classified together with medium cost housing category) due to the always increasing demand for housing in this category. In additional, it is to ensure that the middle low income group with salary ranging from RM1,501.00 to RM2,500.00 per month and able to own a house. However, the pricing of low medium cost housing are around RM42,001.00 to RM60,000.00 per unit only. Using IBS in this types of housing project are more suitable because high volume and stability of demand for buildings is the advantages of using IBS. Besides that, it will also reduce the selling price of low medium cost housing. The IBS is a manufactured the building components at factories (off site manufacture), will enable cost saving; safety and health; productivity and quality improvement through the reduction of labour intensity and construction standardisation. Apart from this method, it also offers minimal site wastage, less site materials, cleaner and neater environment, controlled quality, and lower total construction costs. Using higher percentage of IBS in the construction of public housing and other building projects will provide better productivity, quality, and safety, especially for the total construction time saving and cost saving. IBS will contribute towards a better construction industry, as well as improve the global competitiveness of Malaysian builders. Nowadays, IBS in Malaysia become more popularity in the construction industry especially for the Government project. An early effort by the Government of Malaysia to promote usage of IBS and develop an Open Building system (OBS) concept as an alternative to conventional and labour intensive construction method has yet to make headway. According to Works Minister Datuk Mohd Zin Mohamed, the prefabricated parts will be used in all Government projects in a proposal to reduce the dependence on foreign workers. Besides that, it wills also reducing inherent social problems involving these foreign workers. The use of prefabricated parts was part of the IBS which would be adopted for all Government projects. The Government of Malaysia has ordered all government agencies carrying out development and peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s housing projects to use at least 70% IBS content in those projects. In the beginning, literature review was conducted to determine an overall idea regarding IBS for public housing. This refers to collecting the latest secondary data and information from different sources which including books, journals, magazines, dissertations, conference papers, and information from the internet. These materials were used for background reading to obtain full understanding and information needed for discussion and analysis in the research. Conventional construction method is defined as components of the building that are prefabricated on site through the processes of timber or plywood formwork installation, steel reinforcement, and cast in-situ. This construction method is mostly built of reinforced concrete frames for conventional building. Using the wooden formwork mainly is for the traditional construction method and need take some time to construct the formwork before concreting. This construction method is much more costly for construction which is need includes total labour requirement, raw material, transportation and very importance once is low speed of construction. The main objective of a cast in-situ construction method is to weed out and reduce the using traditional timber formwork, brickwork, and plastering. A carefully planned in-situ work can maximise the productivity, speed and accuracy of prefabricated construction. Cast in-situ method uses lightweight prefabricated formwork made of steel or fibreglass or aluminium that is easily erected and dismantled. The steel reinforcement is placed within the formwork after finishes construct the formwork. After placing the reinforcement they are being erected and concrete is poured into the mould. When the concrete is set and according to the required strength, the moulds are dismantled. The workers can be easily trained to erect the moulds and set the steel reinforcement. These construction methods are required limited labour and it will reduce the total labour need. Its advantages over the conventional construction method include, low skill workers requirement, speedy construction, low building m aintenance, durable structure and less construction cost. These prefabricated timber framing systems is using the timber in the construction industry for construct the building. Usually the timber framing system are consists of timber building frames and timber roof trusses (show as below figure 7). While the steel framing systems have been the more popular choice on construction industry, but the timber roof truss system also have its own market where it is offering interesting designs from simple dwelling units to buildings requiring high aesthetical values such as chalets for resorts. This prefabricated timber framing system we can see in the traditional building. Prefabricated construction in Malaysia started way back almost fourth years ago with the completion of the Tunku Abdul Rahman Public Housing Estate or commonly known as the Pekeliling Flats. No proper plan was formulated by the government for the industrialisation of construction and until the inception of the IBS Roadmap 2003-2010. This is a master plan to facilitate the transformation the Malaysian construction sector was formulated with inputs from industry and endorsed by the Cabinet back in October 2003. Known as the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Industrialised Building System (IBS) Roadmap 2003-2010à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , the master plan is based on the 5-M Strategy (Manpower, Materials-Components-Machines, Management-Processes-Methods, Monetary economic and financial and Marketing promotion) with the aim of having an industrialised construction industry as well as achieving Open Building by the year 2010. The transformation of the construction sector is crucial in ensuring the successful achieveme nt of Vision 2020. Each part on the IBS Scoring was having their own rules and regulation to calculate the points. For example: under Part (1): Structural System, the points are awarded for various types of structural system used such as precast concrete beams and columns, steel, and prefabricated timber. For the Part (2): Wall Systems, the points are awarded based on various types of wall systems used such as precast concrete panel, glass, dry partition and block work. For the Part (3): Other Simplified Construction Solutions, the points are awarded based on usage of other simplified construction solution for example standard components based on MS 1064, standardized grids, other 3D prefabricated components (prefabricated toilets, and staircases). IBS Score calculation only considers the superstructure elements of a building and sub-structure works are not taken into account in the calculation.

Case Study Questions Essay

1. What are the inputs, process, and outputs of UPS’s package tracking system? 2. What technologies are used by UPS? How are these technologies related to UPS’s business strategy? 3. What strategic business objectives do UPS’s information systems address? 4. What would happen if UPS’s information systems were not available? Answer: 1. A. Inputs * Package Information * Customer Information * Destination * Current Location of the parcels B. Process * The data are transmitted to a central computer and stored for retrieval. Data are also organized so that they can be tracked by customer. C. Output * Smart Labels * Signatures of Receiver * Proof of delivery * Receipts 2. Technologies used by UPS * DIAD (Delivery Information Acquisition Device) * Barcode scanning systems * Smart Labels * Wired and Wireless Communication Network (GPRS, CDMA) * Desktop and Central Storage â€Å"Best Services and Lowest Rates† Because of the advance integration of UPS’s technology. It can provide services cheaper and more efficiently. That technology solves problems like logistics and supply chain management, freight forwarding, customs brokerage, mail services. 3. Strategic Business Objectives of UPS’s information systems address * Operational Excellence UPS manage to cut down costs and save M 28 Miles by their truck using advanced technology. * New Products, Services and Business Models The information systems of UPS created new way on how to offer delivery service. It has transformed the way the company gathers information, creating routes etc. * Competitive Advantage UPS had already its operational excellence and New Products, Services and Business Models which means the UPS already gain a competitive advantage. Having this kind of technologies that they use like DIAD made them do things better than their competitors. 4. If UPS’s Information Systems were not available: * Operational costs could be higher. * Millions of gallons of fuel could be burnt. * Millions of miles could be driven. * UPS’s would not be able to track their parcels and deliver them efficiently if these systems were not available. MIS in Action

Contemporary Issues in Buddhism - 2302 Words

Contemporary Issues in Buddhism Team D REL/133 May 21, 2013 Prof. Joseph Pirelli Buddhism is considered one of the oldest forms of religion dating back over 2,500 years; which originated in Thailand and has spread throughout Asia and begun to spread in Northern America, with over 125 million practicing Buddhists today. Siddhartha Gautama the founder of Buddhism became Buddha, his teachings and philosophy of selflessness and love towards others, modest and meek lifestyle, karma and reincarnation, education, and total submission and control of the mind and body are the basics of this religion. Buddhism has similar characteristics with other major religions that include practices, rituals,†¦show more content†¦Islam like Buddhism believes in eternal life and the concept of the universe, Buddhism believes that the universe is separate from God even though it was created by God. Islam also believes the same way about the universe. Both Islam and Buddhism believe in humanity and in not worshiping idols, Islam imposes a taboo on this practice. Buddhism believ es in the essence of Dharma and as Islam condemns idol worship. Both believe in equality and appose evil, creed and stresses equality, Buddhism does not have the concept of a Godly figures yet Islam believe in a God name Allah. Both believe in salvation and the concept of the world, Islam has the Holy Quran and follows its teaching and avoids the hells mentioned in the Holy Quran. The interactions between the modern world Buddhism are different they have ways about them that’s very similar. Buddhism is becoming a worldwide religion you can find Buddhist temples and meditation can be found in all part of the world. They really focus on the essential teaching their emphasis awareness and insight. Buddhist wants their people to be aware of what goes on in the world and have an eye for everything. 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